For example, in updating an influential model from over a decade ago, Aktar (“Intergenerational Transmission of Anxious Information Processing Biases: An Updated Conceptual Model”) reviews studies showing that parenting behavior is not impacted only by parental anxiety and parent threat-related biases but also by child anxiety and child threat-related biases. First, multiple authors emphasize the importance of going beyond simple parent-to-child transmission models, noting how cognitive-affective processes often influence the development of both child and caregiver. This special issue includes 12 articles that offer conceptual models and integrative reviews of research bearing on the powerful socialization effects families have on how children process and regulate cognitive-affective information. Facets of family contextual factors implicated include dyadic social interactions, parent–child coregulation, caregivers’ responses to youth emotional expressions, parental cognitive-affective processing, emotion socialization, parenting behaviors, and parental psychopathology (e.g., Benoit Allen et al., 2015 Feldman & Eidelman, 2004 Goodman, 2020 Milojevich et al., 2020 Pozzi et al., 2020 Tan et al., 2020). Emerging research points to the powerful socialization effects that caregivers and families can have on how children process and regulate cognitive-affective information, serving as risk or protective processes in trajectories across childhood and adolescence (Morris et al., 2007). A dimensional view of these cognitive-affective processes suggests that they are important for adaptive functioning, and when disrupted, also contribute to risk for negative developmental outcomes, such as psychiatric illness (Fernandez et al., 2016 McTeague et al., 2016). For example, aspects of cognitive-affective processing such as emotion reactivity and regulation, information processing biases, reward processing, stress reactivity, and subprocesses of cognitive control are thought to play important etiological roles in the development and maintenance of youth psychopathology (e.g., Kertz et al., 2016 Ladouceur et al., 2005 Nigg, 2017 White et al., 2011). These papers showcase the applicability of this significant area of research for future efforts in prevention and intervention with youth at risk for, or already experiencing, some form of psychopathology.Ĭognitive-affective processing in youth has been implicated in almost all forms of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti et al., 1995 Ip et al., 2019 Izard et al., 2006). Multiple themes emerged across the twelve articles, emphasizing the need to examine (1) complex pathways within families, (2) the quality of cognitive-affective processes across individuals, (3) neurodevelopmental pathways linking socialization and cognitive-affective processes, (4) nuanced methods to assess “in-the-moment” cognitive-affective processes, (5) the impact of cultural background on how family factors intersect with youth cognitive-affective processes, and (6) the socialization of positive emotion. To this end, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review features this special journal issue on the “Interplay of Family Factors & Cognitive-Affective Processes in Youth.” Featured articles review a wide array of methodologies and highlight numerous forms of cognitive-affective processing and family contextual factors. Substantial research suggests that caregivers and families are powerful socialization agents when it comes to how youth process and regulate cognitive-affective information, which in turn can be a risk or resilience factor for various forms of developmental psychopathology.
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